Comprehensive Guide to Bearing Abnormalities and Their Solutions

In mechanical equipment, bearings serve as key rotating support components, and their performance directly affects the operating efficiency and service life of the entire machine. One of the important factors determining bearing performance is the bearing material. So, how many types of bearing materials are there? Which materials are suitable for different working conditions? This article provides a detailed analysis of common bearing material types and their application characteristics to help you select bearings scientifically and improve equipment reliability.

I. Common Symptoms of Bearing Abnormalities

II. Main Causes of Bearing Abnormalities

2.1 Improper Lubrication

Insufficient or excessive grease/oil; using incompatible lubricant types; overly long lubrication intervals without timely replenishment or replacement.

2.2 Incorrect Installation

Uneven force on inner and outer rings (such as hammering directly on the bearing); poor machining accuracy of the shaft or housing; excessive or insufficient preload.

2.3 Contamination by Foreign Matter

Dust, metal chips, moisture, and other contaminants entering the bearing accelerate wear between rolling elements and raceways.

2.4 Overloaded Operation

Long-term overspeed or overload operation exceeding the bearing's rated load capacity leads to fatigue spalling or plastic deformation.

2.5 Corrosion and Rust

Humid environments or exposure to corrosive media can cause surface rusting, especially during downtime.

III. Scientific Methods for Handling Bearing Abnormalities

3.1 Stop Operation and Inspect Promptly

Once abnormal noise, temperature rise, or vibration is detected, stop the machine immediately to avoid secondary damage.

3.2 Clean and Replace Lubricants

Thoroughly remove old grease and contaminants; select high-quality lubricants suitable for the working conditions (e.g., high-temperature, high-speed, waterproof types); control the filling amount (typically 1/3 to 1/2 of the bearing space).

3.3 Proper Disassembly and Installation

Use specialized tools (such as hydraulic pullers and induction heaters); ensure the shaft and housing meet concentricity and surface roughness requirements; strictly follow manufacturer-recommended installation procedures.

3.4 Regular Maintenance and Monitoring

Establish a bearing inspection system (recording temperature, vibration, and noise); use tools such as infrared thermometers and vibration analyzers for predictive maintenance.

3.5 Replace Damaged Bearings

If irreversible damage occurs—such as cracks, severe spalling, or cage fracture—replace the bearing with the same model or an upgraded one, and analyze root causes to prevent recurrence.

IV. Conclusion

Although bearing abnormalities are common, they can be effectively prevented and controlled through scientific diagnosis and standardized processes. Following the principles of “early detection, early treatment, and prevention first” can significantly extend bearing life, improve overall machine efficiency, and reduce maintenance costs.